Biography of John Garang de Mabior, Sudanese Rebel

Colonel John Garang de Mabior was a Sudanese rebel leader, founder of the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA) which fought a 22-year civil war against the northern-dominated, Islamist Sudanese Government. He was made vice president of Sudan on the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, shortly before his death. Date of Birth:  June 23, 1945, Wangkulei, Anglo-Egyptian SudanDate of Death:  July 30, 2005, Southern Sudan Early Life John Garang was born into the Dinka ethnic group, educated in Tanzania and graduated from Grinnell College in Iowa in 1969. He returned to The Sudan and joined the Sudanese army, but left the following year for the south and joined the Anya Nya, a rebel group fighting for the rights of the Christian and animist south, in a country which was dominated by the Islamist north. The rebellion, which was sparked by the decision made by the colonial British to join the two parts of Sudan when independence was granted in 1956, became a full-blown civil war in the early 1960s. 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement In 1972 the Sudanese president, Jaafar Muhammad an-Numeiry, and Joseph Lagu, leader of the Anya Nya, signed the Addis Ababa Agreement which gave autonomy to the south. Rebel fighters, including John Garang, were absorbed into the Sudanese army. Garang was promoted to Colonel and sent to Fort Benning, Georgia, USA, for training. He also received a doctorate in agricultural economics from Iowa State University in 1981. On his return to the Sudan, he was made deputy director of military research and an infantry battalion commander. Second Sudanese Civil War By the early 1980s, the Sudanese government was becoming increasingly Islamist. These measures included the introduction of  Sharia law throughout Sudan, an imposition of black slavery by northern Arabs, and Arabic being made the official language of instruction. When Garang was sent south to quell a new uprising by the Anya Nya, he instead swapped sides and formed the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement (SPLM) and their military wing the SPLA. 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement In 2002 Garang began peace talks with Sudanese president Omar al-Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir, which culminated in the signing of the  Comprehensive Peace Agreement on January 9, 2005. As part of the agreement, Garang was made vice president of Sudan. The peace agreement was supported by establishing a United Nations Mission in Sudan. U.S. President George W. Bush expressed hope that Garang would be a promising leader as the U.S. supported South Sudanese independence. While Garang often expressed Marxist principles, he was also a Christian. Death Only a few months after the peace agreement, on July 30, 2005, a helicopter carrying Garang back from talks with the president of Uganda crashed in the mountains near the border. Although both Al-Bashirs government and Salva Kiir Mayardit, the new leader of the SPLM, blamed the crash on poor visibility, doubts remain about the crash. His legacy is that he is considered to be a very influential figure in the history of South Sudan.

How the Core of Nursing Helps to Prevent Abuse in Age Care

How the Core of Nursing Helps to Prevent Abuse in Age Care There have many numerous abuses by physicians and nurses alike. Is it right? Is it justifiable? Of course, the answer is no. The nursing profession has a code of ethics, just like other professions that spell out what professional behavior is acceptable in the profession. The code of ethics puts accountability on nurses to show compassion, dignity, and respect to patients and others alike. As patients go through the aging process, they lose abilities for activities of daily living and sometimes dementia sets in causing elderly patients to sometimes become irritable and combatable. This creates tough situations for nurses. Nurses can have foul language and, even punches, thrown at them. The ability to handle the situation without showing disrespect or abuse to the patient takes a great deal of training, care, and thought. The nurse, in all professional relationships, must practice with compassion and respect for the inherent d ignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems. (Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements) Nurses are accountable for the respect of human needs and values, as well as, the worth, dignity, and rights of the patient, whether moral or legal, regardless of the nature of the health problems. Nurses are also responsible for respect, compassion, and caring in theShow MoreRelatedOverprescribing Of Stimulants For ADHD Case Study969 Words   |  4 Pages methylphenidate and amphetamine) are very effective in decreasing the core symptoms of ADHD (Harstad Levy, 2014). Due to the increasing rates of stimulant prescriptions, there is now controversy on whether overdiagnosis of ADHD in youth and consequent overprescribing of stimulant medications truly exist. Author’s Perspective and Personal Experience Regarding the Issue Before 1970, the ADHD diagnosis was rare for school-age children (1%) and relatively nonexistent for adolescents and adults. HoweverRead MoreEthical Issues3368 Words   |  14 PagesGerontology Nowadays, nurses who provide elder care are faced with several legal and ethical dilemmas in a daily basis. Besides to the social and legal dilemma it creates, elder abuse, neglect or also known as elder mistreatment is a massive health care crisis that can lead to long term health complications and even death (Fulmer Greenberg, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and examine the nature of elder abuse in relation to its legal and ethical implications. Read MorePatient Educational Plan1346 Words   |  6 Pagestract. ETOH is easily absorbed from the intestine and diffuses quickly throughout the body. The bulk of the ETOH is metabolized in the liver. ETOH abuse produces functional and structural changes in the GI tract, such as in the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas (Geokas, Lieber, French, Halsted 1981). The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism website (2005) sites statistics indicating 28,175 deaths in 2005 were a direct result of liver cirrhosis. The website goes on to stateRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1639 Words   |  7 Pagesabout 26 victims out of 136 were less than the age of 17 at the time of the alleged offence (Public Safety Canada, 2015). Human trafficking is a serious violation of human rights. During the captivity, these victims experience different kinds of abuses, such as physical, psychological and even sexual, which have negative impacts their physical and mental wellbeing. Therefore, they might use different health services providing an opportunity for a health care provider to support and refer to an appropriateRead MoreElderly Of The Aging Population1891 Words   |  8 PagesThe age of 65 is usually considered a senior citizen which is usually formally known as the aging population. The aging population is consisted of ages 65 and older, this population appears to be more at risk for utilizing nursing home services. This particular population faces various discrimination and oppression. Often time’s society looks at the elderly as being useless, not technology savvy, mentally ill, physically ill and unattractive due to wrinkles. There was an issue of elderly abuse inRead MoreSocial Work : A Field Of Interest Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pageschildren, young adolescents, older adults, mentally ill, substance abuse individuals, and many other minorities; as in LGBT members, veterans, homeless people, and low socioeconomic status individuals. The broad mix population fascinates me because within this field one will always be able to work in a flexible environment. Social Work is used in multiple settings as in hospitals, nursing skilled homes, mental health and substance abuse clinics, schools, correctional facilities, community centers, childRead MoreImproving High Quality Of Care1675 Words   |  7 PagesUnited Kingdom has been accompanied several care challenges and policy makers caught their attention to do their part and come up with legislations to combat or overcome these challenges. Giving support and providing care for an individual in their last stage or end of life is a difficult thing to do. End of life care aims to put the person at the centre of the caring process, they should be involved in every decision to make when it comes to their personal care, maintain and enhance quality of life forRead MoreMission Statements And Core Values Essay2134 Words   |  9 PagesMission statements and core values. 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The community-as-partner model was used as a guide in understanding how the different parts of Ponchatoula’s community make up its core, and to apply theRead MoreA Brief Note On Prematurity And Prematurity Apnea1126 Words   |  5 Pagesfall under the Social, person, and economic characteristics either have a low or high maternal age. These mothers conceive at a young age or late stage in their life usually after 45, unwed, low-income, minority, inadequate nutrition, poor housing with severe social problems. The mother body structure before birth can also play a role in pregnancy, obesity, underweight and height u under 5 feet can affect how. Medical along with pregnancy conditions can affect birth. The mother could develop an infection

Influence of Phonological Memory on ESL Learners Essay...

Migration has been a constant factor in England, especially since the late 20th Century, there are about 13.5% of primary school populations distinguished as learners of English as an additional language (National Statistics, 2007). Many researchers have studied the association between working memory capacity and reading, on English as a Second Language (ESL) learners through the measures designed by Daneman and Carpenter (1980, Cited in Alptekin and Ercetin, 2009). Lesaux and Siegel (2003) stated that there is an ongoing developmental processing with reading skills, especially in English, which is heavily relied upon phonological processing as it is assumed that this cognitive process play a significant role on a child’s reading skills.†¦show more content†¦Method Participants This study will require almost 40 children, aged 6, to participate. The reason for this is many children at this age they are on the ongoing process of learning and are on the verge to still develop their English vocabulary as well as the capacity to hold large amounts of vocabulary. Participants will be put into two groups, those who have English as a second language and those that have English as their native language. It is essential to have 20 participants in each group to avoid any biases. Design The research is a correlational design which consists of an independent measures design because the participants are only taking part in one condition. This is a longitudinal study which will take the course of one year to assess the working memory on children who have English as a second language. Children will be chosen through opportunity sampling because they will be available at the time of research. There is one independent variable; whether the child has English as a second language or not. This is measures against the dependant variable; their vocabulary scores. The participants working memory scores memory scores are also taken into consideration to find a relation. Materials The participants will be given The Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C) devised by Gathercole and Pickering (2001). This test consists of four tasks which includeShow MoreRelatedTeaching Pronunciation to Esl Adult Learners2987 Words   |  12 Pages UNSL- Ciclo de Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa Review Paper Teaching pronunciation to ESL adult learners Abstract The acquisition of pronunciation proficiency may be one of the most intricate areas for ESL adult learners. For years it has been argued that adults have great difficulty in learning a second language, especially its phonological aspects. This paper aims at reviewing the theory regarding second language learning and at finding evidence in previous research that adults are capable ofRead MoreThe Factors That Affect The Learning Process Of L2 Words945 Words   |  4 Pages(2007) findings, which disputed the impact of cognateness on L2 word learning. The first study was carried out by Willis Ohashi (2012) to investigate the factors that affect the learning process of L2 words. The participants were 69 Japanese ESL learners studying in different departments of Tokyo University for females: Linguistics, Communication, Science, Mathematics and Psychology. They studied English for a long period, 7 years or more. The subjects were given a multiple-choice test in orderRead MoreA Research St udy On Linguistics7646 Words   |  31 Pagesto Chomsky, Linguistic capability is the dialect framework that empowers various individuals to decipher and translate syntactic and ungrammatical sentences in their dialect. It additionally says that discourse mistakes don t have a tendency to influence them. It is frequently said that being in a reference gathering builds up the attitude to respond to an arrangement of frameworks. In any case, to comprehend a procedure more profound, one needs to receive an individualistic methodology. The sameRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 PagesSUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS Key Issues and Promising Practices Diane August August Associates Report No. 61 February 2003 This report was published by the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), a national research and development center supported by a grant (No. R-117-D40005) from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The content or opinions expressedRead MoreReading Skills2953 Words   |  12 Pagesbreakdown in reading skill. Decoding Decoding means understanding the sounds associated with letter symbols and being able to put them together. A good reading program teaching decoding skills will include phonological awareness activities, blending sounds and segmenting sounds. Phonological awareness is the understanding that words are made up of individual letter/sound combinations. Blending is being able to put those sounds together to read a word. Segmenting is being able to separate a wordRead MoreLanguage Learning Methods Of Listening3137 Words   |  13 Pagesactive role in cognitivism and metacognitivism. Introduction Listening is one of the main skills of language learning. Knowing principles of listening comprehension can help language learners improve their process of language learning. According to Howatt and Dakin (cited in Guo and Wills, 1999), listening is the ability to identify and understand what others are saying. According to Bulletin (1952), listening is the fundamental language

Analysis Of The Movie Interstellar - 1004 Words

The movie â€Å"Interstellar† takes place in a vast, desert of a land which is barely recognizable as the planet, Earth. America suffers severely from famine, dust storms, and lack of advanced technology. Due to a previous accident, as well as with the worldwide food shortage, Cooper, a former NASA pilot, now works as a farmer to produce the only food left in the world. His adventure begins when his brilliant daughter, Murphy, stumbles upon coordinates to NASA’s secret headquarters. Upon their arrival, the NASA director, Professor Brand, explains that they have been operating in secret for years because of the public’s disapproval of money going towards space exploration instead of a solution to the famine. Professor Brand goes on to inform Cooper that although corn is the last salvageable crop on earth, it too will soon cease to grow. Not to mention, the lack of growing plants on earth would soon result in a lack of oxygen in the atmosphere making earth inhabitable. All of this information boils down to Brand inviting Cooper to rejoin NASA and embark on a journey through space in search of a new home for the human race. Cooper agrees to the mission, knowing he may never see his home planet or family again. Leaving his two children behind, he sets of to save humanity accompanied by three other astronauts. My first impression of Cooper was that he must make his decisions using utilitarianism. He fearlessly sacrifices his relationship with his family for the sake of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar758 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Interstellar† (Obst, Thomas Nolan, 2014) a great science fiction story with so various elements. Escorts us traveling through wormholes, into planets in other galaxies, and black holes. The characters keep colliding into the effects of relativity, which thoroughly explained in numerous scenarios. A story about love and family, but there happens to be a villain, whose actions result in shocking consequences for the other characters. There’s a great deal of emotion expressed by the character, whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar728 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Interstellar† is the name of a movie that relates to this environmental course. Interstellar is defined as â€Å"space between stars within a galaxyâ⠂¬  (collinsdictionary.com). The idea of this movie was to see where in this world are humans able to survive. There were a few main characters in which the movie had. There was the main character name Cooper, whom did all of the exploring in the movie. Coopers daughter Murphy, Professor Brand, Brands daughter, Mann, and Romilly. These names might make no senseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar 2117 Words   |  9 PagesInterstellar Let yourself be transported to the future where drought, famine and disasters run rampant on Earth. The only way to ensure that the people of Earth survive is a journey into the depths of space. A story of survival, hardships, and triumph this is Interstellar. This film was directed by Christopher Nolan in 2014. To fully understand how this film uses the fundamentals of moviemaking to make a complete and complex film I will be discussing the elements of narrative, mise en scene, cinematographyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar By Christopher Nolan Essay3252 Words   |  14 PagesInterstellar by Christopher Nolan, 2014. Did you know that Interstellar was filmed without a green screen? They brought in real spaceship pieces and built their own set to make it seem more real and try to keep the audience hooked. Christopher Nolan was a splendid director for Interstellar. From the movie Interstellar, he won the Empire Award for Best Director. Some of the main characters are: Cooper (Matthew McConaughey), Murph (little girl: Mackenzie Foy), Tom (boy: Timothee Chalamet), Donald (JohnRead MoreThe Influence Of Theatrical Media On College Life1226 Words   |  5 Pageswanted something to do during my time. I developed positivity, resources, and character through my college journey. I look at this journey as a developing and purposeful time in my transition to adulthood. These four years in college can be seen as a movie for some individuals. Similarly, movies also try to convey specific issues and ideals. There are lessons, ethics, and ideals that may be learned by watching movies. Theatrical media is open fo r diverse interpretations of the content and may also learnRead MoreAnalysis Of Hans Zimmer s Interstellar 1310 Words   |  6 Pageswell as improve the emotional impact of certain scenes. In this paper, we perform a critical analysis of Hans Zimmers Interstellar soundtrack. Hans Zimmer’s Interstellar soundtrack Hans Zimmer’s score for the Interstellar soundtrack has been considered incredibly unique and aplicable to the movie itself. In fact, the movie’s producer, Nolan said that â€Å"I believe that Hans score for Interstellar has the tightest bond between music and image that we ve yet achieved. The soundtrack wasRead MoreThe Controversy Regarding The Utilization Of Nuclear Energy1734 Words   |  7 Pagesin Fort Calhoun, when operating at full capacity, is apt to sustain almost five-hundred megawatts of electricity per hour. The largest, situated in Palo Verde, Arizona, produces almost four-thousand megawatts per hour (Independent Statistics and Analysis). As the average American household consumes an estimated one kilowatt across the span of one month, the average nuclear reactor generates enough electricity to power almost one million households in a given year. â€Å"†¦the fission of an atom of uraniumRead MoreWhere is everybody An exploration of the Fermi Par adox2504 Words   |  11 Pagesbroadcasting at this frequency. [2] Extraterrestrial civilizations may have no wish to communicate with us. In the wild, creatures do not necessarily want to be found. Many in fact evolve mechanisms to hide. A noisy planet may put itself at risk of interstellar predators. Human beings certainly make no effort to mask our footprints; constant probes and signals emanate from planet Earth in hope of satisfying our insatiable curiosity and relieving our stellar loneliness, but there is no reason to believe

Food Waste in the U.K. Free Essays

Wasted Food We have a lot of problems in the world today and one of these problems is food waste. I will be going over facts and statistics of one of the leading countries that produces food waste; the United Kingdom. There is another problem out there that could reduce this problem and that is United Kingdom citizens that are malnourished and starving to death. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Waste in the U.K. or any similar topic only for you Order Now What if one problem was another problems solution? The amount of food waste worldwide could end world hunger and save thousands of lives. It is easy to sit at home with a full belly and full fridge and not think of these kinds of problems. If every time people were going to throw away perfectly good food and saw a starving family or child they would easily give that family or child the food. The problem is we do not see these family and children every day. The average United Kingdom family is wasting nearly 60 euros a month by throwing away almost an entire meal a day (Smithies). This is 24 meals a month, adding up to 4. 2 million tons of food and drink every year that could have been consumed (Smithies). The UK food industry is wasting an estimated cost of 5 billion euros per year (GOB). Reducing the volume of food wasted in food manufacturing, retailing and foddering operations means reducing the overall costs of these operations. Efficient, cost-effective companies are best positioned to deliver affordable products to consumers, grow, create Jobs and support their communities (FAR). England itself has a huge hunger problem that people are not aware of. In 2008, 3,161 patients were admitted to hospital in England which went up to more than 5,400 in 2012 (Hope). The number of people fed by food banks has gone up from 26,000 in 2008 to 347,000 in 2012 (Hope). England is considered to have a surplus of food supply and from the evidence shown in the first paragraph these next statistics go back to my point of solving a problem with a problem. 78 percent of malnourished children live in countries that have a surplus of food and there is enough food being produced in the world today to feed every person 2,720 calories each day. Hunger is the world’s number 1 health risk it kills more people than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined (Food Security and Welfare Politics). Food Waste does not only effect people who are malnourished and hungry but it also hurting our environment. When food waste decomposes in a landfill, it generates methane, a potent greenhouse gas with 21 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide. Keeping food waste out of landfills will result in reduced methane emissions. Also, growing food requires many resources, including water and energy. Wasted food is a waste of the resources used to grow it (FAR). Eliminating food waste at the source is the preferred approach. But when food waste is generated, it can be recycled into impost or energy, which offer a number of environmental benefits. Compost improves soil health and structure, increases drought resistance, and reduces the need for other fertilizer. Also, food waste doesn’t create methane in a compost system the way it does in a landfill. Food waste can also be turned into renewable energy through anaerobic digestion, where the methane emissions from broken down food are captured to produce biogas, heat and energy (FAR). The solution to this problem of food waste has already started and there are a lot of great organizations out there that everyone should be aware of. The Food Waste Reduction Alliance is an example of a great organization that more people need to be aware of. The Food Waste Reduction Alliance (FAR) is a collaborative effort of the Grocery Manufacturers Association, the Food Marketing Institute, and the National Restaurant Association. The FARMS mission is to reduce the volume of food waste sent to landfill by addressing the root causes of waste, and securing pathways to donate or recycle unavoidable food waste (FAR). Large food producing companies in the United Kingdom have started to make progress Tests has agreed to reduce its multi-buy teems and other promotions after revealing that 35% of its bagged salad is being thrown out (Smithies). The United Kingdom is working with Waste and Resources Action Programmer’s and businesses on voluntary agreements to reduce food and packaging waste as well as providing ideas and information to help waste less, through the WRAPS Love Food, Hate Waste campaign (GOB). Another great example of ways the United Kingdom government are reducing waste is the Courtyard Commitment a responsibility deal in the grocery retail sector which includes finding says to reducing household waste from groceries, and also the hospitality and food service voluntary agreement, which aims to cut food and associated packaging waste by 5 percent and increase the overall rate of food and packaging waste that is being recycled, sent to anaerobic digestion or composted to 70 percent by 2015. In conclusion food waste in the United Kingdom is Just a small portion of what is going on around the world. The United Kingdom itself is wasting enough food to feed Europe, imagine the statistics and facts of the rest of Europe and even the United States. This seems to be a problem that is so easy to solve that it’s hard. There are a lot of great organizations out there doing the right thing and politicians who are trying to pass the laws to stop wood waste. How to cite Food Waste in the U.K., Essays

Freshers Speech free essay sample

If life is a waste of time and time is a waste of life then lets get wasted and have the time of our lives Good evening everyone and a very warm welcome to all those new pretty faces. I feel deeply obliged having the opportunity to address our juniors. You guys are starting for a journey that we Just have completed but life. Life is an endless Journey it has no end , but milestones definitely yes milestones And completing your graduation from this college will certainly be a memorable milestone .So fasten up your shoe laces and buckle up your belts for the Journey ahead , cause the best part of your life Is walling for you . I must introduce you to our college our college the EKE is one of the best engineering colleges in India , the motto of our college is creating global players by global players I mean that the Sickens stand apart from the global crowd . We will write a custom essay sample on Freshers Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page No matter how tiny are the sparks of victory but Sickens know how to fan those sparks to flames .So feel proud to be a part of this great Institution . And talking of studies teachers here are eager to give the most they can . I would like to quote abbot Lawrence here There is a lot of knowledge in universities cause freshers bring a little in and seniors dont take much away So knowledge sort of accumulates. The college is offering all It has , but it depends on how much you can take of it .I would now Like to make you aware of the three most basic rules of our college- 1 . Do It today or It could be Illegal tomorrow. 2 -Certain things merely happen and uncertain things are certain to happen, expect Make sure you follow all these rules and you will certainly have a great time here. So I on behalf of the all the seniors would like to welcome you to the EKE . I hope you have the time of your lives .

To Kill a Mockingbird Research free essay sample

American history has changed in many ways, whether it’s from civil rights to daily American life. The court system has also changed in many ways, one of which being racism. Two trials in particular are the Emmett Till case and a fictional case, which is the Tom Robinson case from Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. Both men are similar because they were both being accused of sexual transgression and both were also victims of excessive violence. Both Emmett and Tom were African Americans who lived through the times of terrible racism in the south. Because both men lived through racism in the 1900’s, their lives were affected with the time honored code, that white men would stick together and stand against any black man, and lastly, they suffered through accusations and punishment without evidence. Throughout the 1920’s to the1950’s racism ran very deep in the lives of Americans. White Americans hated all black men and women and did whatever they could to demoralize them and make them feel like they did not belong because of their skin color. In both cases, Emmett Till and Tom Robinson were black men accused of going too far with white females. The Emmett Till case took place in the 1950’s. Emmett was a fourteen year old black male accused of â€Å"wolf whistling† at, twenty-one year old, white female, Carolyn Bryant from Money, Mississippi. Emmett never physically touched Carolyn Bryant. While visiting his family on vacation, he noticed her from a distance and whistled in a way she took offensively. This was mainly a problem due to the fact that Emmett Till was African American and Carolyn Bryant was not. In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, the author, Harper Lee, created a fictional case that demonstrates lifelike problems that real people had to deal with. The Tom Robinson case took place somewhere between the late 1920’s and the early 1930’s in Maycomb County, Alabama. During this time Alabama’s racist roots ran very deep. So many people were struggling financially that many people were looking for a reason to fight, or a way to keep those who were less welcomed down. Racism was very common and a main part of the book, Atticus Finch States, â€Å"The one place where a man ought to get a square deal is in a courtroom, be he any color of the rainbow, but people have a way of carrying their resentments right into a jury box. As you grow older, youll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and dont you forget it whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash†(295). Tom Robinson was a young man with a family. He was forced to walk pass the Ewell house daily so he could get to and from work, every now and again Mayella Ewell would have him stop to help her do something for her, because she had nobody else who would help her. Through these visits she felt they established a friendship; he felt pity for the woman who had no one. After Mayella’s dad, Bob Ewell, beat her leaving bruises, they accused Tom Robinson of raping her. Because of Bob Ewell beating his daughter it was easy for the white community to believe that a black male may have caused these marks during a sexual assault. This case was unfair on many levels, including the fact that it was never fully inspected and there was no true evidence. Even though the Tom Robinson case is fictional from a book it could have easily been based on a true story such as Emmett Till’s. Sexual transgression is the crime that both Tom Robinson and Emmett Till were accused of. Sexual transgression is to cross a boundary sexually, whether the incident is caused by touching, making a simple noise, or comment. In the Emmett Till case, Emmett may have just â€Å"wolf whistled† at Carolyn Bryant, but her impression of what occurred caused enough stress that it was believed he needed to be punished. It may not have been considered rape, but it was still sexual assault. Finding it necessary to punish Emmett Till for his behavior shows that they were willing to make an example out of him and take it to any level to get rid of him. He was simply a fourteen year old boy who didn’t know what he was doing; he didn’t think before the choice he made. He thought he was just having some fun. Understanding the way historical times were, I would think that there may have been consequences, but they took the consequences way beyond the point they should have. Tom Robinson, from To Kill a Mockingbird, also experienced extreme consequences. Reading this novel you learn Tom Robinson allegedly raped Mayella Ewell. Even though there was a trial and Tom Robinson’s white attorney believed in his innocence, the three hour jury deliberation still ended in a guilty verdict. About the said crime Tom Robinson states â€Å"Well, I said I best be goin, I couldnt do nothin for her, an she said, oh, yes I could. An I asked her what, and she said to jus step on the chair yonder an git that box down from on top of the chifforobe. So I done like she told me, and I was reachin when the next thing I know she grabbed me aroun the legs. She scared me so bad I hopped down an turned the chair over. That was the only thing, only furniture sturbed in the room, Mr. Finch, I swear, when I left it Mr. Finch, I got down off the chair, and I turned around an she sorta jumped on me. She hugged me aroun the waist. She reached up an kissed me on the face. She said shed never kissed a grown man before an she might as well kiss me. She says for me to kiss her back. And I said, Miss Mayella, let me outta here, an I tried to run. Mr. Ewell cussed at her from the window and said hes gonna kill her† (97). As of this, these are the words said by Tom Robinson while trying to prove himself innocent. Tom Robinsons case was never deeply investigated by the jury which is unlawful. Though Tom Robinson did enter the house alone with a white female nobody really knows what happens, nor did they call the doctor to find out. Tom’s case was completely powerful in the matter of what happen but a disgrace to some because everybody knew he was truly innocent but yet did not care enough about the young Mayella Ewell to get her out of harm’s way. Whether or not Tom raped Mayella, the jury thought it would be simpler to just say Tom was guilty. Neither of these men, nor others like them, stood a chance in proving themselves innocent. In a racist culture, no black male could overcome the power of an allegation made by a white woman. This tradition of blindly supporting false accusations led to an unsecure and unsafe lifestyle for everyone. The practice of being innocent until proven guilty in a court of law and being judged by a panel of your peers was not in existence during these racist times. Consequently, Emmett Till and Tom Robinson could not prove themselves innocent due to the fact they were African American. Neither of their cases made it to the Supreme Court. In fact, the Emmett Till case never made it to court at all because he was lynched before anybody decided he would face a trial at all. Instead of a trial for Emmett’s whistling, two men took it upon themselves to kidnap and torture him until he died. The only trial that took place in front of a jury was for the two men who lynched him. This trial allowed two guilty men to go free and they got away with it because they were supported by the time honored code. The result of this situation was very unfair because Emmett never made it to court since he was lynched. Not only did he not have the opportunity to learn from his mistake but his killers admitted to the crime after being found innocent. Also, it was unacceptable in the black community that the killers got away without a single consequence. Their reaction to Emmett whistling at a white female was too strong, violent, and cruel. Unlike the Emmett Till case, Tom Robinson’s case came before a jury. Tom was proven guilty, but his lawyer, Atticus Finch, got the jury to deliberate for more than three hours, unlike most cases during this time. This small victory of getting the jurors to deliberate at all does not compare to the loss of an innocent man’s life. â€Å"Which, gentlemen, we know is in itself a lie as black as Tom Robinsons skin, a lie I do not have to point out to you. You know the truth, and the truth is this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around women – black or white. But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men. There is not a person in this courtroom who has never told a lie, who has never done an immoral thing, and there is no man living who has never looked upon a woman without desire (223) Tom’s case was a unfair due to the fact that since he was African American he was automatically without any thought and punished for what happened whether true or not. Also, it was unfair that nobody in the jury cared enough about what really did happen to the young girl, Mayella Ewell. Considering that Tom Robinson and Emmett Till were both accused of sexual transgressions and treated as though they were guilty, it is a possibility that this may have never happened if they were not African Americans living in the south during these times. Id rather you shoot at tin cans, in the backyard, but I know youll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit them, but remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird† says Atticus (94). This quotes from To Kill a Mockingbird is a message indirectly quoting the African Americans to being the blue jays, and the white Americans to be the mockingbirds. This means that to them whether it was a true case or not it was not a sin or anything unreasonable top accuse a African American of a crime and have the free will to take matters into your own hands and shot them in the true or untrue event of an accident. On the other hand it is starting that it is a complete sin to kill or accuse a white person in the ourt of law when it is against a person of the African American race. Throughout American history, there are countless cases that show how unfair our judicial system can be. The unlawful acts of unfair American court systems have been going on through many years. Through Emmett Till and Tom Robinson, we have seen that two men were wrongly accused of sexual transgressions due to their race. They would not have faced these accusations if they were not black. Historically, i t was accepted by white Americans to wrongly accuse a person because of their race. These men endured tragic consequences simply due to the color of their skin, and not based on any evidence of these crimes that they were accused of committing. American civil rights have tried and still are trying to become less biased in the court system by trying to get rid of impartial juries, having cases built on solid evidence, and believing that people are innocent until proven guilty. Having civil rights in the United States is important so we stay together as one country and view one another equally. Works Cited Crow, Chris. â€Å"The Lynching of Emmett Till. † The history of Jim Crow. n. d. Web. 2 May 2011. lt;www. jimcrowhistory. orggt; Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, 1960. Print. Devery, Anderson. â€Å"A Boy Named Emmett† Case Overview. Emmett Till Murder. 19 November 2011. Web. 2 February 2012 lt;www. emmetttillmurder. comgt;. Devery, Anderson. â€Å"The Trial of the Killers and Its Aftermath† Case Overview. Emmett Till Murder. 19 November 2011. Web. 2 February 2012 lt;www. emmetttillmurder. comgt;.